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☆ WHAT IS JAPANESE? ☆

Japanese is the primary language spoken in Japan. In Japanese, the language is called 日本語, pronounced にほんご or nihongo.

Japanese may look very different from English, but beginners can learn it step by step. Japanese pronunciation is fairly consistent, which means words are usually pronounced according to clear sound patterns.

Japanese uses three main writing systems: hiragana, katakana, and kanji. These systems are often used together in the same sentence.

Example:

わたしはアメリカ人です。

This sentence contains hiragana, katakana, and kanji together.

☆ THE THREE WRITING SYSTEMS ☆

HIRAGANA

ひらがな

  • Used for Japanese words
  • Used for grammar endings
  • Often taught first
  • Contains 46 basic characters
こんにちは

Hello

KATAKANA

カタカナ

  • Used for foreign words
  • Used for foreign names
  • Used for sound effects
  • Has sharper-looking characters
コンピューター

Computer

KANJI

漢字

  • Characters with meaning
  • Originally came from Chinese
  • May have multiple readings
  • Used for many nouns and verbs
日本

Japan

☆ JAPANESE PRONUNCIATION ☆

Japanese pronunciation is built around a small group of clear sounds. The five basic vowels are あ, い, う, え, and お.

These vowel sounds stay mostly consistent, unlike English vowels, which can sound different in words such as “cat,” “cake,” and “car.”

Hiragana Roman Letter Approximate Sound Example
A “ah” father
I “ee” see
U “oo” food
E “eh” bed
O “oh” open
Important: These English examples are only approximations. You will practice the actual Japanese sounds in the next lesson.

☆ WHAT WILL YOU STUDY? ☆

LESSONS 2–11 Learn the basic hiragana characters and practice reading simple words.
LESSONS 12–13 Learn greetings, introductions, numbers, and age.
LATER LESSONS Study verbs, adjectives, time, food, family, daily life, simple conversations and more. Katakana will also appear here eventually.

☆ JAPANESE LANGUAGE FACTS ☆

☆ Sentences use multiple scripts

Hiragana, katakana, and kanji can all appear in a single Japanese sentence.
☆ Word order is different

Japanese sentences often place the verb at the end.
☆ Subjects can disappear

Japanese speakers often leave out the subject when it is already clear from context.
☆ Politeness matters

Japanese words and sentence endings can change depending on formality.

☆ MINI QUIZ ☆

1. Which writing system is commonly used for foreign words?

2. Which writing system is usually taught first?

3. What sound does あ represent?

☆ LESSON CHECKLIST ☆

Before continuing to Lesson 2: